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The term conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) defines all the isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that milk fat-rich cis-9, trans-11-CLA reduces the atherogenic process in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Interestingly, activation of PPAR/LXR-α signaling was not observed in hamsters fed the BF diet, in which the early signs of atherogenesis were increased. This effect was partly associated with an activation of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor (PPAR)/liver X receptor (LXR)-α signaling cascade. Compared with the B group, the beneficial effects of the BR diet could be further explained in part by preventing the high VCAM-1 expression rate, increasing (30%) ATP-binding cassette subfamily A1 expression in the aorta, and downregulating expression of inflammatory-related genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, and cyclooxygenase 2, 2- to 2.8-fold, P < 0.05). In this group, plasma also displayed a reduced non-HDL-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio (21% less than in the butter oil group) and inflammatory serum amyloid A levels (70–80%) and an improvement of anti-oxidized LDL paraoxonase activity (all P < 0.05). The BR diet induced the lowest aortic lipid deposition (from −30% to −45%) among the butter oil-fed hamsters. Syrian hamsters were fed (for 12 wk) diets containing 20% (wt/wt) butter fat (B diet) or the same diet augmented with either 1% (wt/wt) of a cis-9, trans-11-CLA-rich oil (BR diet) or 1% (wt/wt) fish oil (BF diet). This study thus focused on cis-9, trans-11-CLA (rumenic acid), and its effect was compared with that of fish oil, which is known to influence several aspects of atherogenesis.
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Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) mixtures demonstrated antiatherogenic properties in several animal models, including hamsters, but the mechanism of action of the main food-derived CLA isomer is unknown in this species.